Analysis of the Three Major Advantages of Spatial Grid Structures

Grid structures have been the fastest-growing form of spatial structures since the mid-20th century, particularly over the past 30 years. They consist of multiple members connected by nodes into a three-dimensional grid-like framework following a specific geometric pattern. The shape of spatial grid structures can be either flat or curved. The former is called a flat grid structure, often simply referred to as a “grid,” while the latter is termed a curved grid or shell-shaped grid structure, commonly known as a “shell.” Grid structures encompass both grids and shells, collectively referred to as spatial grid structures.

Grid structures are widely used and rapidly developing both domestically and internationally, primarily due to the following advantages:

Grid structures are three-dimensionally stressed spatial systems with rational force distribution, enabling them to span large distances while conserving steel.
Grid structures are lighter and use less steel compared to unidirectionally stressed planar structures (such as planar trusses). Although shell structures exhibit diverse curvatures, they primarily bear compressive forces overall. By increasing stiffness, reducing deformation, and meticulous design, shell structures can achieve rational and uniform force distribution, similarly contributing to steel savings.

High degree of industrialization, short construction period, and favorable comprehensive economic indicators.
The defining feature of grid structures is the use of small components to form large-span spatial systems. Their members and nodes are relatively uniform and standardized. Grids can be prefabricated as standardized units, nodes, and parts, with a high degree of mechanization in processing and manufacturing. Full factory production ensures high-quality outcomes and short construction periods. Prefabricated units and node components are small in size and light in weight, facilitating storage, handling, transportation, and assembly. Node connections are simple, reliable, and easy to install on-site, ensuring quick, flexible, and high-quality construction. Particularly for grid structures, on-site assembly requires only simple techniques, minimal workload, and no need for large lifting equipment.

Grid structures have a wide range of applications, suitable for industrial buildings, sports facilities, and public buildings of various spans. They meet flexible and complex architectural functional or process requirements. Moreover, grid structures are detachable and reassemblable, making them convenient for building expansion, renovation, or relocation.

Additionally, in grid structures, the space between the upper and lower chords can be utilized to accommodate various equipment and pipelines, enabling efficient space utilization that is economically rational and user-friendly.

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