Color-coated steel panels feature prominent advantages including low cost, high cost performance and simple installation, which serve as ideal enclosure materials for temporary buildings and large-span industrial steel structure projects. Widely matched with
bolted-sphere steel structure systems,
color-coated steel panels are extensively applied to roof and wall enclosure of large-span coal shed, industrial plants, workshops and warehouses. However, negative news about fire accidents of color-coated steel panel buildings has been frequently reported in recent years.
Actually, color-coated steel panel building is an eco-friendly and cost-effective prefabricated building type. It adopts light-gauge H-beams and channel steel as the main supporting framework, and sandwich panels as wall enclosure materials. Adopting standardized modular assembly technology, all building components are connected by bolts or welding joints. Such building materials are widely used in industrial workshops, warehouses, temporary buildings and supporting enclosure projects for bolted-sphere steel structure. Currently, the construction market is flooded with inferior flammable color-coated steel panels, especially foam-core color steel panels, which bring severe potential fire risks to large-span steel structure buildings represented by industrial coal sheds. This article mainly analyzes common fire hazards of foam-core color steel panels and summarizes targeted fire safety solutions for bolted-sphere steel structure projects.
1. Fire Hazards of Foam-Core Color-Coated Steel Panels for Large-Span Steel Structure Buildings
(1) Accumulation of high-temperature dense smoke increases firefighting difficulties. Color-coated steel panel buildings have relatively enclosed indoor space. Once polymer core materials such as polyurethane foam and polystyrene foam catch fire, massive high-temperature dense smoke will be generated rapidly. A large amount of heat and smoke will accumulate indoors in a short time, bringing huge obstacles to fire rescue work, especially for enclosed large-span coal shed with bolted-sphere steel structure enclosure systems.
(2) Low fire resistance leads to high risk of overall structural collapse. Color-coated steel sheet is non-combustible under room temperature, but its structural strength will drop sharply under continuous flame baking. This hidden danger is more obvious for large-span steel structure buildings. In case of fire, color steel enclosure components matched with bolted-sphere steel structure are prone to thermal warping and deformation, further causing large-area overall collapse of industrial warehouses and large-span coal sheds.
(3) Large-scale steel structure buildings are easy to generate three-dimensional fires. Featuring high strength, light dead weight and fast construction speed, color steel panel buildings matched with bolted-sphere steel structure always have large building volumes. During a fire disaster, smoke and high-temperature heat spread upwards through internal ducts and passages, easily forming uncontrollable three-dimensional fires inside large-span industrial steel structure buildings.
(4) High casualty risk caused by toxic combustion gas. The flammable foam polymer materials filled inside color steel panels will produce various toxic and harmful gases due to incomplete combustion in fires. These hazardous gases greatly threaten the life safety of staff working inside large-span steel structure warehouses and coal sheds.
(5) Aging inferior cables cause hidden internal fire risks. Most color steel panel buildings adopt unqualified and aging-prone wires and cables, which are directly embedded inside sandwich panels without protective measures. Short circuit caused by aging circuits can easily ignite internal foam core materials, resulting in hidden fire accidents in bolted-sphere steel structure enclosure projects.
2. Fire Safety Precautions for Color-Coated Steel Panels in Steel Structure Projects
(1) Keep a safe distance between all heat sources, open flames and color-coated steel panels during daily operation, so as to guarantee the overall fire safety of bolted-sphere steel structure buildings.
(2) Professional thermal insulation and fire isolation layers must be installed if kitchens need to be arranged inside color steel panel buildings, to block fire spread paths of industrial steel structure enclosure systems.
(3) Wires and cables are not allowed to directly penetrate color steel panels. Galvanized protective conduits are mandatory when line penetration is unavoidable. All sockets and switch boxes shall adopt surface-mounted galvanized metal products to avoid electrical fire hazards of large-span coal shed steel structure projects.
(4) Complete fire extinguishing devices shall be equipped both indoors and outdoors. Fire alarm systems are recommended for large industrial projects to support rapid personnel evacuation and improve overall fire safety performance of steel structure buildings.
According to official fire protection regulations, color-coated steel panels below Class A fireproof grade are strictly prohibited in densely populated venues including kindergartens, nursing homes, welfare institutions, boarding schools and hospitals. Densely populated buildings and public gathering places using unqualified color steel panels cannot pass fire design review, completion acceptance and pre-operation fire safety inspection. Unqualified buildings found in official inspections will be temporarily sealed and ordered to change usage purposes; buildings that cannot be rectified will be demolished compulsorily.
Therefore, project purchasers shall strictly control raw material quality when selecting color-coated steel panels for bolted-sphere steel structure and
large-span coal shed projects, and completely reject foam-core color steel panels to avoid huge personal injury and property losses in fire accidents. Besides, standardized fire protection measures and strict electrical wiring construction shall be implemented throughout the design and construction process, ensuring long-term safe operation of all kinds of large-span industrial steel structure buildings.
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